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Spaces & Boxes
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All the predefined length parameters See section Predefined 
lengths can be used in the arguments of the box-making 
commands. 

Horizontal space 

	\dotfill: Stretchable horizontal dots. 
	\hfill: Stretchable horizontal space. 
	\hrulefill: Stretchable horizontal rule. 
	\hspace: Fixed horizontal space. Vertical space 
	\addvspace: Fixed vertical space. 
	\bigskip: Fixed vertical space. 
	\medskip: Fixed vertical space. 
	\smallskip: Fixed vertical space. 
	\vfill: Stretchable vertical space. 
	\vspace: Fixed vertical space. Boxes 
	\fbox: Framebox. 
	\framebox: Framebox, adjustable position. 
	lrbox: An environment like \sbox. 
	\makebox: Box, adjustable position. 
	\mbox: Box. 
	\newsavebox: Declare a name for saving a box. 
	\parbox: Box with text in paragraph mode. 
	\raisebox: Raise or lower text. 
	\rule: Lines and squares. 
	\savebox: Like \makebox, but save the text for later use. 
	\sbox: Like \mbox, but save the text for later use. 
	\usebox: Print saved text. 

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	\dotfill ::dotfill::
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The \dotfill command produces a "rubber length" that produces 
dots instead of just spaces. 
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	\hfill ::hfill::
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The \hfill fill command produces a "rubber length" which can 
stretch or shrink horizontally. It will be filled with spaces. 
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	\hrulefill ::hrulefill::
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The \hrulefill fill command produces a "rubber length" which 
can stretch or shrink horizontally. It will be filled with a 
horizontal rule. 
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	\hspace ::hspace::
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\hspace[*]{length} 
The \hspace command adds horizontal space. The length of the 
space can be expressed in any terms that LaTeX understands, 
i.e., points, inches, etc. You can add negative as well as 
positive space with an \hspace command. Adding negative space 
is like backspacing. 

LaTeX removes horizontal space that comes at the end of a 
line. If you don't want LaTeX to remove this space, include 
the optional * argument. Then the space is never removed. 
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	\addvspace ::addvspace::
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\addvspace{length} 
The \addvspace command normally adds a vertical space of 
height length. However, if vertical space has already been 
added to the same point in the output by a previous \addvspace 
command, then this command will not add more space than 
needed to make the natural length of the total vertical space 
equal to length. 
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	\bigskip ::bigskip::
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The \bigskip command is equivalent to \vspace{bigskipamount} 
where bigskipamount is determined by the document class. 
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	\medskip ::medskip::
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The \medskip command is equivalent to \vspace{medskipamount} 
where medskipamount is determined by the document class. 
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	\smallskip ::smallskip::
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\smallskip 
The \smallskip command is equivalent to \vspace{smallskipamount}
where smallskipamount is determined by the document class. 
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	\vfill ::vfill::
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The \vfill fill command produces a rubber length which can 
stretch or shrink vertically. 
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	\vspace ::vspace::
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\vspace[*]{length} 
The \vspace command adds vertical space. The length of the 
space can be expressed in any terms that LaTeX understands, 
i.e., points, inches, etc. You can add negative as well as 
positive space with an \vspace command. 

LaTeX removes vertical space that comes at the end of a page. 
If you don't want LaTeX to remove this space, include the 
optional * argument. Then the space is never removed. 
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	\fbox ::fbox::
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\fbox{text} 
The \fbox command is exactly the same as the \mbox command, 
except that it puts a frame around the outside of the box 
that it creates. 
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	\framebox ::framebox::
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\framebox[width][position]{text} 
The \framebox command is exactly the same as the \makebox 
command, except that it puts a frame around the outside of 
the box that it creates. 
The framebox command produces a rule of thickness \fboxrule, 
and leaves a space \fboxsep between the rule and the 
contents of the box. 
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	lrbox ::lrbox::
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\begin{lrbox}{cmd} text \end{lrbox} 
This is the environment form of \sbox. 
The text inside the environment is saved in the box cmd, 
which must have been declared with \newsavebox. 
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	\makebox ::makebox::
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\makebox[width][position]{text} 
The \makebox command creates a box just wide enough to contain 
the text specified. The width of the box is specified by the 
optional width argument. The position of the text within the 
box is determined by the optional position argument.
 
	c -- centred (default) 
	l -- flushleft 
	r -- flushright 
	s -- stretch from left to right margin. The text must 
		contain stretchable space for this to work. 

See section \makebox. 
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	\mbox ::mbox::
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\mbox{text} 
The \mbox command creates a box just wide enough to hold the 
text created by its argument. 
Use this command to prevent text from being split across lines. 
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	\newsavebox ::newsavebox::
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\newsavebox{cmd} 
Declares cmd, which must be a command name that is not already 
defined, to be a bin for saving boxes. 
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	\parbox ::parbox::
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\parbox[position][height][inner-pos]{width}{text} 
A parbox is a box whose contents are created in paragraph 
mode. The \parbox has two mandatory arguments:
 
	width - specifies the width of the parbox, and 
	text - the text that goes inside the parbox. 

LaTeX will position a parbox so its centre lines up with the 
centre of the text line. The optional position argument allows 
you to line up either the top or bottom line in the parbox 
(default is top). If the height argument is not given, the 
box will have the natural height of the text. 

The inner-pos argument controls the placement of the text 
inside the box. If it is not specified, position is used. 

	t -- text is placed at the top of the box. 
	c -- text is centred in the box. 
	b -- text is placed at the bottom of the box. 
	s -- stretch vertically. The text must contain 
		vertically stretchable space for this to work. 

A \parbox command is used for a parbox containing a small piece 
of text, with nothing fancy inside. In particular, you shouldn't 
use any of the paragraph-making environments inside a \parbox 
argument. For larger pieces of text, including ones containing 
a paragraph-making environment, you should use a minipage 
environment 
See section minipage. 
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	\raisebox ::raisebox::
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\raisebox{distance}[extend-above][extend-below]{text} 
The \raisebox command is used to raise or lower text. The 
first mandatory argument specifies how high the text is to 
be raised (or lowered if it is a negative amount). The text 
itself is processed in LR mode. 

Sometimes it's useful to make LaTeX think something has a 
different size than it really does - or a different size 
than LaTeX would normally think it has. The \raisebox 
command lets you tell LaTeX how tall it is. The first 
optional argument, extend-above, makes LaTeX think that the 
text extends above the line by the amount specified. The 
second optional argument, extend-below, makes LaTeX think 
that the text extends below the line by the amount specified. 
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	\rule ::rule::
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\rule[raise-height]{width}{thickness} 
The \rule command is used to produce horizontal lines. The 
arguments are defined as follows:
 
	raise-height - specifies how high to raise the rule 
		(optional) 
	width - specifies the length of the rule (mandatory) 
	thickness - specifies the thickness of the rule 
		(mandatory) 

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	\savebox ::savebox::
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\savebox{cmd}[width][pos]{text}
This command typeset text in a box just as for \makebox. 
However, instead of printing the resulting box, it saves it 
in bin cmd, which must have been declared with \newsavebox. 
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	\sbox ::sbox::
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\sbox{text} 
This commands typeset text in a box just as for \mbox. 
However, instead of printing the resulting box, it saves it 
in bin cmd, which must have been declared with \newsavebox. 
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	\usebox ::usebox::
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\usebox{cmd} 
Prints the box most recently saved in bin cmd by a \savebox 
command.